What is peri-implantitis?
Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory infection affecting the soft tissue and bone surrounding a dental implant, caused by bacterial buildup and characterized by bone loss that can threaten implant stability.
This infection develops when bacteria accumulate around an implant, triggering inflammation in the gums and underlying jawbone. Unlike peri-mucositis, which affects only the gum tissue, peri-implantitis involves active bone resorption. Once established, the condition becomes difficult to reverse and represents one of the leading causes of long-term implant failure.
Common causes include poor oral hygiene, aggressive brushing, smoking, uncontrolled diabetes, and improper implant placement. Existing gum disease before implant surgery also increases risk. Some patients develop the condition from residual cement left on the implant during restoration, which creates a chronic irritant beneath the gum line.
Early signs include bleeding or swelling around the implant, increased pocket depth, and discomfort during chewing. Advanced cases show visible bone loss on X-rays and potential implant mobility. The threat to implant longevity lies in the progressive nature of bone loss. Once the supporting bone structure deteriorates significantly, the implant cannot remain stable, even with aggressive treatment.
Treatment ranges from non-surgical approaches like improved hygiene and antimicrobial rinses to surgical intervention involving bone grafting or, in severe cases, implant removal. Prevention through meticulous oral care, regular professional cleanings, and maintaining healthy gums remains far more effective than managing established disease. An implant dentistry specialist can monitor for early signs and recommend preventive strategies tailored to individual risk factors.